Heat energy is lost from buildings through their roofs, windows, walls, floors and through gaps around windows and doors. However, there are ways that these losses can be reduced.
Heat escape routes
Take a look at this thermogramImage made by detecting infrared radiation rather than visible light. Different colours are used to represent the different temperatures of the objects in the image. of a house. It shows that the roof is cold, which suggests it's well insulated. The windows are red and orange which show that the most heat is lost through them.
Image caption,
Thermogram of a house showing areas of heat loss
Heat energy is transferred from homes by conductionThe transfer of heat through a material by transferring kinetic energy from one particle to another. through the walls, floor, roof and windows. It is also transferred from homes by convectionThe transfer of heat energy through a moving liquid or gas.. For example, cold air can enter the house through gaps in doors and windows, and convection currents can transfer heat energy in the loft to the roof tiles. Heat energy also leaves the house by radiationEnergy carried by particles from a radioactive substance, or spreading out from a source. through the walls, roof and windows.