Pathogens are microbes that cause diseaseIllness affecting plants and animals.. immunisationThe introduction of an inactive form of a disease into the human body that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. allow an inactive form of the disease causing pathogen to be introduced into the body, which contain a specific antigenA protein on the surface of a substance (often a pathogen) that triggers an immune response.. This causes the immune systemThe body's defence system against entry of any foreign body, including pathogens and agents such as pollen grains. The role of the immune system is to prevent disease., specifically the white blood cellA type of cell found in blood that defends against infection., to produce complementary antibodyA protein produced by the immune system in humans (and other animals) that attacks foreign organisms (antigens) that get into the body., which target and attach to the antigen.